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Light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth and development. The full-color spectrum of the sun is composed of seven spectra mixed together, and only some bands of light are absorbed by plants to produce photosynthesis. Using ordinary fluorescent lamps to illuminate plants is not enough to provide the spectrum required for photosynthesis. The light required for photosynthesis by plants is contributed most by blue light with a wavelength of 400~520nm and red light with a wavelength of 610~720nm. Therefore, plant growth lamps simulate the spectrum of sunlight, add red and blue wavelengths of light, and make red and blue mixed light, all blue, and all red lamps.
LED can emit monochromatic light required for plant growth, form the spectrum required for plant photosynthesis and affecting the growth rate, and project narrow-spectrum monochromatic light in the range of 300~800nm that is effective for plant growth. This light source not only has rich light quality, combinable spectrum modulation, and intelligent controllable light environment, but also has the advantages of environmental protection, energy saving, small size, cold light source, low voltage, and direct current. It is also an ideal light source for plant factories or vertical agriculture.
LED lighting is widely used in plant growth: including plant tissue culture, leafy vegetable production, greenhouse supplementary lighting, plant factories, seedling factories, medicinal plant cultivation, algae cultivation, plant protection, space fruits and vegetables, flower planting, etc.
The effects of LED light on plants can be divided into:
- Red light: Among visible light, the most absorbed by green plants are red-orange light (wavelength 600~700nm) and blue-violet light (wavelength 400~500nm). The substances generated under red light make plants grow taller.
- Blue light: Blue-violet light (wavelength 400~500nm) and red light complement each other. The substances generated under blue light promote the accumulation of protein and non-carbohydrates, promote chlorophyll synthesis, and increase the weight of plants.
- Green light: Green plants only absorb a small amount of green light (500~600nm), but green light and red and blue light can be adjusted to adapt to the growth and development of plants. Generally, under the red and blue LED composite light, plants are slightly purple-gray, making it difficult to diagnose diseases and disorders, which can be solved by supplementing a small amount of green light.
- Ultraviolet light (UV): In the sunlight spectrum, photosynthetically active radiation, UV and far-red light have a regulatory function on plant growth and development.
Plant lighting provides PAR (photosynthetically active light) with different wavelengths and various light effects, PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) and PPFD (photosynthetic photon flux density) with superior efficiency, to meet the lighting formulas required for different plant growth, and provide customized professional plant light LED components and modules. Through the necessary spectrum combination for specific plant growth, the best spectrum ratio similar to natural light is achieved, which is suitable for plant cultivation lighting, plant lighting, plant factories, greenhouse supplementary lighting and other purposes.