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We all know that "everything grows with the sun", which has been verified and praised countless times since ancient times. However, when humans applied lighting to the field of plant cultivation, this sentence seemed to no longer be unique. During the long rainy season, the sky was blocked by thick clouds, and it was difficult for the sun to penetrate the haze and provide the plants with the necessary light for photosynthesis. At this time, people began to think about a question: when plants move from outdoors to indoors, or even from the earth to space, who should provide the light source for their photosynthesis?
The answer is hidden around us-walking into a modern plant factory, you will find that there is a special "artificial little sun" there, which is the LED plant growth lamp designed specifically for plants. After a long period of development and improvement, this lamp finally stood out with its advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection, and became an indispensable new favorite in modern facility horticulture.
01. The necessity of greenhouse supplementary lighting:
The five essential pillars of plant growth are temperature, water, nutrition, air and light. As the saying goes, "everything grows with the sun", but what should we do when we encounter bad weather such as haze, rainy days, etc.? At this time, plant growth lights can come in handy. It can simulate the spectral characteristics of natural light and provide a suitable growth environment for plants. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and people's in-depth research on the spectrum, we have found that light of different bands has different effects on the various growth stages of plants. Therefore, installing lighting equipment inside the greenhouse can extend the light intensity enough in a day to meet the needs of plant growth. These lamps are mainly used to grow crops such as vegetables, roses and even chrysanthemum seedlings in late autumn and winter. It is worth noting that plants, like people, also need exercise, work and rest. Therefore, when using LED plant lights to supplement the light for plants, we need to control the time. It is generally recommended to control the light time of plants between 12 and 16 hours a day. Doing so not only ensures that plants have enough time for photosynthesis, but also leaves them enough rest time to ensure that they can work in the best condition every day.
Next, let's take a look at the basic properties of light. Light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation. The light that the human eye can see is called visible light. Its wavelength range is approximately between 380 nanometers and 780 nanometers, covering all colors from purple light to red light. In addition to visible light, there are also components such as ultraviolet light and infrared light in invisible light. In order to measure the properties of light, scientists have introduced photometric and colorimetric units. Among them, the quantitative properties of light include light intensity and light period; while the quality properties of light involve aspects such as light quality or light harmonic energy distribution. In addition, light also has the characteristics of wave-particle duality. This means that in some cases, it can show the properties of waves; in other cases, it can show the properties of particles. At the same time, light also has multiple properties such as visual properties and energy properties. These properties make light a very complex physical phenomenon, and also provide us with a broad space for application in various fields.
In practical applications, we usually use some specific indicators to evaluate the performance of light sources. For example, economic life refers to the proportion of its comprehensive beam output reduced to a specific number of hours while considering the damage of the bulb and the attenuation of the beam output. This proportion is different for different types of light sources: about 70% for outdoor light sources; and about 80% for indoor light sources such as fluorescent lamps.
Another important indicator is color temperature. The so-called color temperature refers to the blackbody temperature when the color of the light emitted by the light source is the same as the color of the light radiated by the blackbody at a certain temperature. Different color temperatures correspond to different light colors: color temperatures below 3300K will create a steady atmosphere and a warm feeling; color temperatures between 3000 and 5000K will create a refreshing feeling; and color temperatures above 5000K will create a cold feeling. In addition, we can also use the color rendering index to evaluate the color rendering performance of the light source, that is, the degree of deviation between the color of the object under the light source and the reference light (sunlight) when illuminated.
There are also some considerations regarding the arrangement of the supplementary lighting time. As one of the means of supplementary lighting, we can enhance the lighting effect at any time period to extend the effective lighting time. Whether it is dusk or night, the required amount of light can be effectively extended and scientifically controlled to meet the needs of plant growth and development. In special environments such as greenhouses or plant laboratories, it can also completely replace natural light to promote the healthy growth of plants. By rationally planning the supplementary lighting schedule, we can completely get rid of the limitations of relying on weather conditions in the traditional seedling stage and achieve the goal of accurately adjusting the production schedule according to the delivery date.
An ideal plant growth lamp should have the following characteristics: first, it can efficiently convert electrical energy into radiation energy; second, it can achieve high radiation intensity, especially low infrared radiation (heat radiation) within the effective range of photosynthesis; finally, the radiation spectrum of the bulb must meet the physiological requirements of plants, especially in the effective spectrum area of photosynthesis.
02. Principle of plant fill light
As a typical representative of plant lights, the rotating color COB plant fill light is designed based on the growth law of plants with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the core light source to replace sunlight to create a suitable plant growth and development environment. An advanced lamp. The advantage of LED plant lights is that they can shorten the growth cycle of plants and increase yield and quality. Its light source is mainly composed of red and blue colors, which are optimized for the light bands that plants are most sensitive to to promote the best photosynthesis effect and enable plants to obtain the most suitable growth conditions. Specifically, the red light wavelength mainly uses the 630nm and 640~660nm range, while the blue light wavelength covers the 450~460nm and 460~470nm range. These carefully selected wavelengths can maximize the photosynthesis mechanism inside the plant, thereby promoting its healthy growth and development. By precisely controlling the light intensity and spectral distribution, the rotating color COB plant fill light can simulate a lighting environment similar to natural light to provide plants with continuous and stable growth power. The light environment is not only the basis for the survival of plants, but also one of the key factors affecting their morphological construction. In the field of facility cultivation, the fine adjustment of light quality can effectively guide the growth direction and morphological characteristics of plants, which is of great significance for improving crop yield and quality. For example, by increasing the proportion of red light, plants can be promoted to bloom and bear fruit, while increasing blue light helps the growth and strength of plant stems and leaves.
03. Application and prospects of fill light
The area of facility horticulture in my country is growing rapidly, and the corresponding light environment control lighting technology has also received widespread attention. At present, this type of technology is mainly used in the following aspects: First, as supplementary lighting when the amount of sunlight is small or the sunlight time is short to ensure the normal photosynthesis process of plants; second, it is used to induce plants to complete specific stages in their life cycle, such as flowering and dormancy; third, it becomes the main source of lighting in plant factories to support endless agricultural production activities throughout the year. With the advancement of technology and the reduction of costs, LED plant fill lights are gradually entering thousands of households and becoming a gardening auxiliary tool that ordinary families can afford.