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The colors displayed by plants at night are closer to nature, so it is crucial to choose light sources suitable for night scene lighting of garden plants, such as fluorescent lamps and LED light sources. In contrast, light sources with discontinuous spectra, such as high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps, may cause partial loss of reflected spectra, causing the night colors of plants to deviate from the natural state, or making the plant colors more inclined to the color of the light source itself. Therefore, when designing night scenes, it is necessary to be extremely cautious in choosing light sources.
The spectrum not only affects the growth and development of plants, but also regulates photosynthesis. The discontinuous spectrum of high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps only provides limited effective energy, which has little effect on plant growth; while the energy distribution of white light LED spectrum can provide the blue light spectrum and a small amount of red light spectrum required for plant growth, which has a greater impact on plant growth.
Lighting technology engineers should consider the growth laws of trees when designing and propose more suitable installation methods to minimize damage to trees. For example, combining landscape lamps with tree lamps can effectively reduce damage to trees.
The light control ability of lamps, that is, the beam angle, is an important consideration when selecting plant lighting lamps. The appropriate beam angle should be selected for irradiation according to the height, density and morphology of the plants. Lamps can be divided into three types according to the size of the beam angle: wide beam, medium beam and narrow beam. Wide beam is suitable for lighting that emphasizes the morphology of plants. For example, for trees with dense branches and leaves, using a beam angle of 40°-45° can achieve ideal lighting effects; while narrow and tall trees are more suitable for lamps with a beam angle of 6°-20°.
Lighting manufacturers should not only improve the style and appearance of tree lights, but also provide a variety of options for different trees in terms of wavelength. If necessary, specific plant growth lights should be designed according to the growth environment of the plants. Plant growth lights are artificial light sources, usually electric light sources, designed to promote plant growth by emitting electromagnetic spectrum suitable for photosynthesis. Plant lights are used in places where natural light is lacking or supplementary light is needed. For example, in winter, when the natural light time is insufficient, plant growth lights can extend the light time of plants. LED growth lights vary according to their uses. Studies have shown that green, red, far-red and blue light spectra have an effect on plant root formation, growth and flowering, but there is not enough scientific research or field testing to recommend a specific color ratio. Red and blue light are known to promote the normal growth of many plants, but some studies have also shown that plants grow better when supplemented with green light. LED grow lights should be kept at least 12 inches (30 cm) away from plants to prevent leaf burns.
Lighting engineering construction units should strengthen the regular maintenance of tree lights to ensure that the growth and development of trees are not or less affected by the lamps. In green lighting, buried lamps and projection lamps often produce glare. Therefore, if these lamps must be used, lamps with grilles or shades should be selected to reduce glare. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the selection of lamp locations to ensure safety, and the wiring should be hidden to prevent pedestrians, especially children, from contacting exposed electrical parts. In places where buried lamps are used, it should be noted that the surface temperature of the light outlet should not be too high to avoid scalding pedestrians. It is strictly forbidden to install floodlights directly on tree trunks, because overweight lamps will have an adverse effect on the growth of trees, and wires wrapped around tree trunks will not only cause leakage risks, but also affect the appearance during the day.
Lighting designers should be extremely cautious when choosing the light color of tree lighting fixtures. White light can more naturally show the true color of plants, make the plant outline clearer, and enhance the sense of layering. The yellow light emitted by high-pressure sodium lamps can increase the warmth of the environment, but it is not suitable for illuminating green plants, because it will make the surface of the plants appear gray and lack vitality. It is more suitable for yellow plants that need to highlight the color sense. Red and orange light make plants appear charming and agile, which is completely different from the daily impression, making the environment more warm and bright.
Urban night scene lighting has become an indispensable part of urban development. The existing urban lighting system may not fully consider its impact on landscape plants. Therefore, to change the impact of urban night scene lighting on landscape plants, it is not enough to start with lighting equipment or plant species alone. This requires planning departments to take this research into consideration during the initial planning, and requires professional and reasonable design by lighting design practitioners. A beautiful city needs night lighting to continue to play its role, and also needs to reduce the impact on the growth and development of landscape plants.
Night lighting is not simply to reproduce the daytime landscape, but to use light to reshape the night landscape, showing the beautiful and neat landscape at night and hiding the disordered and dilapidated landscape. By combining plants and lights reasonably through light and shadow effects, we can make the night city around us more beautiful and make the city's ecosystem more harmonious.