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Plant lighting technology, as a model of the combination of modern agriculture and high technology, is increasingly becoming an important force in promoting the development of green agriculture. The core of this technology is to use LED light sources with specific wavelengths to accurately simulate the natural light environment and provide the most suitable lighting conditions for plants. LED plant growth lights have become the first choice for many agricultural producers with their advantages of high efficiency and energy saving, long life, and adjustable spectrum. In the growth cycle of plants, light is not only a source of energy, but also a key factor in regulating their physiological activities. Through the carefully designed LED spectrum combination, the natural lighting effects in different seasons and time periods can be simulated to meet the light needs of plants at different growth stages. This precise light control can not only promote the photosynthesis efficiency of plants, but also stimulate biochemical reactions in plants, enhance their immunity, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests. In addition, LED plant lighting technology has a wide range of applicability. Whether it is cultivating rare plants in greenhouses or planting vegetables and flowers on home balconies, precise control of the light environment can be easily achieved. At the same time, the technology can also adjust the spectrum distribution and light intensity according to the plant species and growth needs to achieve the best growth effect. It is worth mentioning that LED plant lighting technology has also shown great potential in improving the quality of agricultural products. Through reasonable light regulation, the shape and color of the products can be improved, the nutritional content can be increased, and the agricultural products can be made healthier and more delicious. This not only meets the consumer's demand for high-quality agricultural products, but also brings higher economic benefits to agricultural producers.
The spectrum of plant lighting is complex and diverse. Different plants have significantly different spectra required in different growth cycles and even different growth environments. In order to meet these differentiated needs, the industry has proposed a variety of solutions.
One solution is to use a combination of multiple monochromatic lights. This method pays special attention to the peak spectra that are most effective for plant photosynthesis, such as 450nm blue light, 660nm red light, and 730nm far-red light bands that play an important role in plant flowering induction. In addition, 525nm green light and ultraviolet bands below 380nm will be added. According to the specific needs of the plants, these different wavelengths of light are accurately proportioned to create the most suitable lighting environment for plant growth.
Another solution uses full-spectrum lighting, which aims to cover all spectral ranges required by plants. Although this full-spectrum lighting may not provide the most efficient lighting effect for every plant, it has a wide range of applicability and can be applied to various types of plants, and the cost is much lower than that of the monochromatic light combination solution.
There is also a practical and economical solution, which is to add 660nm red light based on white light covering the full spectrum. This combination not only improves the effectiveness of the spectrum, but also effectively controls the cost while ensuring the quality of light, which is very suitable for large-scale planting and home gardening enthusiasts.
In the world of plant growth, light is an indispensable element. Although monochromatic LED plant growth lights can provide a certain degree of light support, they are not suitable for the growth needs of all plant species. At this time, the advantages of full-spectrum LED technology are obvious.
Full-spectrum LEDs must not only cover all bands in the visible light range (400-700 nanometers), but also especially enhance the performance of the two key bands of blue-green light (470-510 nanometers) and deep red light (660-700 nanometers). Such a design can better simulate natural sunlight and meet the different needs of plants for light at different growth stages. In terms of the method of achieving a "full" spectrum, some ordinary blue light LEDs or ultraviolet LED chips achieve this by combining them with phosphors. However, there are differences in the photosynthetic efficiency of this method, because different combinations may affect the light quality and spectral uniformity.
In order to improve the effect of plant lighting, many manufacturers use the method of Bluechip plus phosphor to encapsulate white light LED devices. This method can achieve full spectrum coverage to a certain extent, but it still has limitations. Therefore, another more advanced packaging mode has gradually gained attention-that is, composite packaging using two or more wavelength chips. This mode includes multiple combinations such as red + blue/ultraviolet, RGB, RGBW, etc.
This composite packaging mode has significant advantages in dimming. Because it contains multiple wavelengths of light sources, the proportion of different colors of light can be adjusted according to the specific needs of plant growth, thereby more accurately controlling the photosynthesis process of plants. This flexibility and precision is unmatched by monochromatic LEDs. In summary, full-spectrum LED technology, with its unique advantages, provides a more comprehensive and sophisticated lighting solution for plant growth. By optimizing spectral distribution and dimming capabilities, full-spectrum LEDs are becoming an important development direction in the field of plant lighting in the future.
Plant lighting fixtures are increasingly used in greenhouse supplementary lighting, all-artificial light plant factories and other fields. From solar greenhouses to multi-span greenhouses, to field crops and home vegetable and flower planting, as well as laboratory research, their application scope is constantly expanding. Although the proportion of metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps in solar greenhouses and multi-span greenhouses is still high, LED plant lighting systems are gradually gaining favor due to their low energy consumption and high efficiency. In field applications of facility agriculture, the progress of plant lighting is relatively slow, but in the LED plant lighting system of outdoor long-day crops with high economic value, such as pitaya, significant development results have been achieved through the application of photoperiod regulation technology. In addition, as one of the fastest and most extensive fields of plant lighting application, all-artificial light plant factories have a strong development momentum. These factories are mainly divided into two types: centralized multi-layer and distributed mobile. Centralized multi-layer all-artificial light plant factories are mainly invested and built by semiconductor and consumer electronics companies; while distributed mobile plant factories use shipping containers as standard carriers for easy transportation and assembly. In terms of home plant cultivation, the application of LED lamps in scenes such as home plant table lamps, home plant planting racks and home vegetable growth machines is becoming more and more common. At the same time, the cultivation of medicinal plants is also an important field of plant lighting applications. For example, LED plant lighting plays an important role in the cultivation of medicinal plants with high economic value, such as Anoectochilus roxburghii and Dendrobium candidum. In addition, flowering lamps are widely used in the floriculture industry as an essential tool for adjusting the flowering time of flowers.
From the initial incandescent lamps to the current energy-saving fluorescent lamps and LED lamps, flowering lamps have undergone continuous development and upgrading. Plant tissue culture technology occupies a pivotal position in the field of modern biotechnology. In this process, the choice of light source is crucial, which directly affects the growth, differentiation and final culture effect of plant cells. In traditional plant tissue culture practices, white fluorescent lamps are often used because of their high popularity. However, this light source has obvious limitations - the light efficiency is relatively low, and a lot of heat is generated during long-term work, which not only consumes more energy, but also may have adverse effects on the culture environment, such as excessive temperature causing the culture medium to dry out or affecting the balance of plant growth hormones.
In contrast, the rise of LED technology has brought revolutionary changes to plant tissue culture. LED light sources stand out for their low power consumption, significantly reducing energy costs while reducing heat generation, providing convenient conditions for maintaining a constant temperature and humidity environment in the incubator. In addition, the long life of LED light sources means less maintenance requirements and longer service cycles, further improving cultivation efficiency and economic benefits. Most importantly, white light LED tubes can simulate natural lighting conditions, promote plant photosynthesis, and accelerate the growth process by precisely controlling the spectral composition. They are especially suitable for efficient, controllable, and space-limited cultivation scenarios that require fine light management. For this reason, white light LED tubes are gradually replacing traditional white fluorescent lamps and becoming the new favorite in the field of modern plant tissue culture.